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By: Andrew Forrest - January 2025
Walking in cold, wet weather demands careful attention to your clothing layers. Waterproof trousers are excellent for keeping rain out, but what you wear underneath them can make all the difference in staying warm, dry, and comfortable.
We have provided a guide to layering under waterproof trousers and answered common questions about the best approach for different conditions.
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Your base layer is the foundation of your layering system. Your base layer underneath your waterproof trousers may be called various things: base layer bottoms, base layer trousers or good old-fashioned long johns! Opt for materials like merino wool or synthetic materials such as Polyester or Nylon blends. These fabrics wick moisture away from the skin, preventing dampness that can lead to chills. Avoid cotton and denim.
Base layers are typically made from materials designed to wick moisture away from the skin, keep you dry, and regulate body temperature. The most common materials used for base layers:
Merino wool base layer
Synthetic base layer with knee inserts
Brands like Mountain Equipment, Patagonia, Rab, The North Face, Passenger, Fjällräven, Arc'teryx, and Helly Hansen offer excellent base layer options specifically designed for colder weather. Wearing base layers under your waterproof trousers and waterproof hard-shell jacket is key to a successful layering system.
A selection of base layers
No matter which material you opt for, a high-performing outer layer is essential to staying comfortable and protected from harsh weather conditions. Make sure to invest in a dependable, waterproof, durable, and breathable pair of waterproof trousers.
The next key to your layering system is your mid-layer, which follows your base layer. Opt for materials like fleece, merino wool, down, synthetic insulation, hybrid materials, or soft-shell fabrics. There are now hybrid base layers that are effectively the base layer and mid-layer in one. I always pair a base layer with my regular walking trousers when I need warmth. How cold it is then dictates how warm my base layer is and how warm a pair of walking trousers I wear.
Walking trousers
Mid-layers are typically made from materials designed to trap heat while remaining breathable and lightweight. Here are some of the most common materials used for mid-layers:
Fleece inside a mid-layer
Each mid-layer material has its strengths, and the best choice depends on the activity, weather, and personal preferences. Fleece and synthetic materials are popular for versatility, but down is often the go-to option for extreme cold.
Again, brands like Mountain Equipment, Patagonia, Rab, The North Face, Passenger, Fjällräven, Arc'teryx and Helly Hansen offer excellent mid-layer options specifically designed for when the temperature drops.
Whatever material you choose, having a highly effective outer layer is crucial for maintaining comfort and protection against harsh elements. So, ensure you have a reliable, waterproof, durable, breathable pair of waterproof trousers.
A selection of waterproof trousers
A soft-shell is a versatile layer that bridges the gap between a fleece and a waterproof layer, offering moderate warmth, wind resistance, and water repellence for active pursuits. If you know the rain will only be light or short-lived, a pair of water-resistant soft-shell trousers may work better for you than waterproof trousers with additional layers under them.
We will review base layers in depth in a future article. The ones I currently wear and would recommend are the Helly Hansen LIFA Merino Base Layer Pants for men.
They are also available in a women's version, the Helly Hansen LIFA Merino Base Layer Pants for women.
When winter temperatures drop, your layering system should consist of three layers.
Ensure each layer is breathable to avoid overheating and sweating.
The main difference, unless you know you will experience very cold conditions, is that the mid-layer is no longer needed in the main, as you should be warm enough with a layering system of your base layer or your walking trousers and waterproof trousers.
If the rain is expected to be intermittent, I generally wear whatever I would typically walk in and pull on the waterproof trousers as and when needed.
Ensure each layer is breathable to avoid overheating and sweating, even more so in summer rather than winter, as the weather will be warmer.
Sweating in cold weather can leave you damp and cold. To minimise sweating:
To ensure your waterproof trousers remain breathable and waterproof, clean and reproof them regularly.
When choosing what to wear under waterproof trousers, it is important to avoid materials like denim and cotton. Denim is a poor choice because it is heavy, non-breathable, and retains water. This can make you feel cold, damp, and uncomfortable if moisture seeps through your waterproof trousers or during high-intensity activities that cause sweating.
What not to wear under waterproof trousers - jeans or cotton trousers
Similarly, cotton is highly absorbent and holds onto moisture from rain or perspiration, leaving you feeling clammy and chilled. Wet cotton also loses its insulating properties, increasing the risk of discomfort or hypothermia in cold weather.
Mountain walks often mean rapidly changing weather and varying activity levels. A high-quality base layer paired with thermal or fleece leggings is a versatile choice. Carry a spare mid-layer in your pack to adjust as needed, and make sure your waterproof trousers are breathable to handle uphill climbs. Don't forget your feet. Pair these with a warm pair of hiking socks and waterproof boots.
Thermal and fleece layers each have their advantages:
Choose based on your activity level and the temperature.
Layering for warmth shouldn't come at the cost of mobility. Opt for flexible fabrics with some stretch, such as synthetic or blended materials. Avoid bulky layers that restrict movement. Ensure your waterproof trousers have an ergonomic fit to accommodate layers without being tight.
By considering these tips and answers, you'll be well-prepared to tackle various walking conditions confidently. Remember, the proper layers under your waterproof trousers can mean the difference between a miserable outing and a truly enjoyable walk.
Happy, dry, warm walking...
Waterproof trousers trap heat, especially during long walks or intense activity. To regulate body temperature, wear breathable base layers as part of your layering system and consider trousers with ventilation zips to release excess heat when necessary.
For any outdoor activities, avoid wearing jeans under waterproof trousers. Denim retains moisture, dries slowly, and offers little insulation. If you get wet or sweat, you'll quickly become uncomfortable. Stick to technical fabrics like merino wool, fleece, or thermals for optimal warmth and comfort. Additionally, ensure your outer layer has taped seams to prevent water from seeping through the stitching during heavy rain.
Shorts can work for high-intensity activities where you generate a lot of body heat, but they're generally unsuitable for cold conditions. For better warmth and protection, stick to full-length base layers. Additionally, incorporating a protective layer is crucial for shielding against external elements like rain, wind, and cold, ensuring thermal regulation and comfort.
If you expect long periods of inactivity, such as during birdwatching or fishing, focus on insulation. As part of your layering system, use a thick fleece mid-layer under your waterproof trousers and consider bringing an insulated blanket or pad to sit on.
A waterproof outer layer is also crucial for maintaining warmth and protection during extended sitting periods.
In freezing conditions, layering is key. Start with a moisture-wicking base layer, add an insulating mid-layer such as fleece leggings or thermal tights, then top it off with your waterproof trousers. Ensure each layer is snug but not restrictive, allowing for warmth and mobility.
Yes, ultra-light thermal leggings made from merino wool or synthetic blends are ideal for those who want to reduce bulk without sacrificing warmth. These are perfect for fast-paced hikes or when packing light.
Additionally, a waterproof outer shell is essential for reducing bulk while protecting against the elements.
Look for trousers with a relaxed fit and adjustable waistbands to accommodate layers without being restrictive. Features like side zips or articulated knees can make them more comfortable with multiple layers underneath.
Wet layers can lead to rapid heat loss. To minimise discomfort, carry a spare set of dry base layers in a waterproof bag and choose quick-drying materials like synthetics or merino wool.
Yes, gaiters can complement waterproof trousers by providing additional protection against snow, mud, and water. Ensure your layering system remains breathable and comfortable for prolonged wear.
Thermal leggings are a game-changer for winter walks. While waterproof trousers protect from wind and rain, they lack insulation. Thermal leggings underneath add that much-needed warmth with their insulating properties, particularly on frosty days or when you're stationary for periods, such as during a rest break. Our above article takes you through the base layer and mid-layer options.
January 2025
